The African Historiography Of Africa Essay - 1420 Words

The historiography of Africa has been a complex matter from the start such that it took some time for some historians to acknowledge that Africa even had a history, when they would much rather believe that Africa was a timeless state with little to no past. This thinking was the result of history only being considered a written account of past events, and since Africans did not develop a widespread form of writing their history the general belief was that African historiography has no place in the world. This lack of African history in the eyes of the Westerners resulted in Africa being labeled as a land of primitive people, with homogenous states and tribes. This paper argues that until the Marxist analysis of Africa, the West’s idea of Africa was implemented, but later Marxist emphasis on social struggles opened the way for development of a broader based social history that was not of high politics, but rather of ordinary men and women (Parker, J. and Rathbone, R., 2007:142) . The analysis of archeological remains in Africa, and the impact of colonialism are concepts that can be better understood when employing Marxism, as it allows us to look past the West’s previous identity of Africa and looks towards the new and much more accurate picture of Africa and its people. Marxism is a method of analysis that focuses on class struggles in the examination of social change. While the varieties of Marxist analysis that attempted to apply more universal concepts to Africa fadedShow MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad973 Words   |  4 Pagesviews of Africa. Africa is a very large continent consisting of various countries, cultures and ethnic groups, but the image of Africa that is portrayed in modern media via the news, television and movies is completely different. Most media sources depict Africa as being a single country filled with villages of starving children that always have flies on their faces. This image usually comes from commercials that are trying to play on the viewer’s sympathy by emphasizing the idea of Africa needingRead MoreCauses of the Mfecane881 Words   |  4 PagesTopic – Discuss the causes of the Mfecane, taking into consideration the variety of historiography on this event. Although no one can pinpoint exactly what caused the Mfecane, most believe the causes emerged at the end of the eighteenth and the start of the nineteenth centuries. Based on the historiography covering this event, historians believed many elements caused the Mfecane. Originally, everyone believed it was exclusively due to the rise and expansion of the Zulu nation under the rule ofRead MoreShould The Hiv / Aids Epidemic?918 Words   |  4 PagesHIV/AIDs epidemic in Africa be described as a feminist issue? With higher transmission rates concentrated among African women, and the vast majority of new mother-child transmissions occurring within African countries, HIV seemingly fits into the scope of feminist concerns. As described in Oppong and Kalipeni’s contribution to Kalipeni, et.al.’s HIV AIDS in African: Beyond Epidemiology, the consistent classifying of the HIV/AIDS epidemic as being the direct result of distinct African sexuality by prominentRead MoreThe Trans At lantic Slave Trade2208 Words   |  9 PagesCurtin described the historiography of the Atlantic slave trade as a â€Å"Numbers Game.† Curtin found that historians conceptualized the commodification of human beings through quantification. A year earlier in 1968, Frederick George Kay claimed in The Shameful Trade that fifty million Africans were exported into slavery in foreign lands. Twenty years later, Paul Lovejoy offered a summary of the field. He argued â€Å"that known scale of the slave trade was on the order of 11,863,000† Africans were exported intoRead MoreReligious Practices Of African Culture Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilding of a community and the preservation of the African culture in the Americas. By using the evidence that Domingos Alvares employed his own knowledge and experiences from Africa, instead of the practices of colonial Portuguese institutions, Sweet reconstructs the Atlantic experience, contrary to the existing scholarship of history that generally viewed African slaves adopting the Portuguese colonial culture. In order to demonstrate that the African culture was alive in the Americas through theRead MoreRacism And Its Effects On Africa896 Words   |  4 PagesAfrica is one of the most under-looked and misunderstood areas within our world. Unfortunately, this issue stems from a history of oppression and disruptive influences from outside countries. Also, it does not help that the practices of recording history in the past were not the most ethical and sensitive to the people of Africa. With that came the opportunity for stereotyping and not really seeking to understand the complex dynamic of the continent. Africa is vast in size with great diversity withinR ead MoreThe Trade Of The Atlantic Slave Trade3341 Words   |  14 Pagesslaves were taken from West Africa, but the trade also affected other parts of the continent. By the end of the trade, it became the biggest human migration to date. Generally, we know a lot about the effects slavery had in the New World, but we have less information on how the slave trade affected African societies. Although there were no scholars which contested the harm the slave trade caused, however, there is still debate over the effect of the trade within African societies. The debate overRead MoreA Study Of Latin American History1308 Words   |  6 Pagesscholarly activities. This in turn has made the historiography of Latin America to become much more relevant when looking at race around the world. One of the more popular works by Frank Tannenbaum called Slave Citizen drew from many popular sources and historians. It is also important to remember much of the data and sources used when studying conce pts like race in Latin America come from common sources. Comparative approaches have framed the historiography of subjects like race and racism in Latin AmericaRead MoreAfrican American And Middle Eastern Slavery963 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurrence in the twentieth century historiography of American and Middle Eastern slavery is to downplay the significance of African societies as major players in the international trade network, while ignoring the slave trade’s effect on cultures throughout Africa. Paul Lovejoy attempts to highlight these connections by examining how the demand for slaves in the export market altered local political economies and drastically changed the practice of slavery throughout Africa. Transformations in Slavery:Read MoreSouth And Central Afric An Undeveloped Continent1295 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, Africa is considered to be an undeveloped continent. Out of all the reasons Africa grew out to be this way. In this period, there were many different types of currency in Africa; unlike in other parts of the world where one type of currency was more used than others. For this study have chosen four different types of currency, which are cloth, cowries, gold and slaves. We will see how their nature influenced the economy of precolonial Africa. The conclusion reached is that the nature of

The Issue Of The State Of Maryland - 851 Words

In the state of Maryland in the year 2010 research was conducted and seen that we Americans in the state spend over $1.3 billion on teenagers that drink (udetc). This includes accidents that happens, medical hospitalizations, work loss and pain and sufferage. Youth violence including accidents, fights, suicides and homicides is the largest cost of the state of Maryland (udetc) this is a big problem in the state and we could be using this money for a different reason. Many teenagers who had their first drink by the age of 15 is more likely to becoming addicted to alcohol than someone who starts drinking at the legal age of 21(cdc). Different teens drink for different reason, many teenagers are admitted into rehab for underage drinking. The ones that make it out that is, many teenagers who drink young and don’t get help die. Recently a 16 year old boy died from taking 24 shots at a party and no one wanted to take him to the hospital because of being scared of getting in trouble. Car accidents are another big factors, many teenagers feel after they drink that they are okay to drive. That is very wrong, drinking makes them very impaired, getting caught drinking while driving will land a teenager in alcohol drivers education and a suspended license. Not only that but when you are charged with a DUI it follows you in life, when you go to apply for a job they see that you got charged with a DUI and you may not get chosen for the job just for that reason. The final punishment forShow MoreRelatedThe Era Of America After The Antebellum Period1205 Words   |  5 PagesSupreme Court cases. The outcome of various cases significantly shaped the future of America into the country we know today. Perhaps some of the most important cases include Marbury v. Madison, Gibbons v. Ogden, and Dred Scott v. Sandford. McCulloch v. Maryland is possibly the most prominent Supreme Court case throughout the antebellum period that occurred in 1819, even though different interpretations of the Necessary and Proper Clause have led to many controversies regarding its meaning and the potentialRead MoreVoter Registration And Voting Registration1043 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 8, citizens across the United States will have the opportunity to cast their vote to assist in deciding who will become the next leader of our great nation. Voter registration is a critical prerequisite, and prospective voters must understand the applicable policies and procedures of successful registration. Voting requirements may differ in each state, so it is important for a voter to be aware of these rules as well. Although Pennsylvania and Maryland voter registration and voting rules areRead MoreFracking And The Public Health1230 Words   |  5 PagesHydraulic fracturing or fracking has become a concern both environmentally and in the public health sphere in Western Maryland. In analyzing these ideas, the environment and public health concerns intertwine in a discourse about the relation ship on both power and knowledge. Fracking is a new issue for the state of Maryland to consider; therefore dominant narratives on this subject are still being developed and legitimized. Studies have been conducted in other regions around the world to analyze theRead MoreThe Case Marbury V. Madison857 Words   |  4 PagesIn the early years of the Republic, states came often in front of the Supreme Court to resolve disputes of issue of the supremacy of the National Government. In 1803 the case Marbury v. Madison held that Congress cannot pass laws that are contrary to the Constitution, and it is the role of the Judicial System to interpret what the Constitution permits. The discrepancies between the Federal Government and the States occurred often, as the States were not happy to give up their power to the FederalRead MoreEssay on The Case of Marbury v. Madison973 Words   |  4 Pagesfill these new vacancies with people who had Federalist backgrounds. To accomplish this, he used the powers granted under the Organic Act to issue appointments to 42 justices of the peace and 16 circuit court justices for the District of Columbia. Adams signed the appointments on his last day in office and they were subsequently sealed by Secretary of State John Marshall. However, many of the appointments were not delivered before Adams left office and Jefferson ordered the deliveries stopped whenRead MoreNo Taxing the Cash in McCulloch v. Maryland1732 Words   |  7 PagesMcCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark decision deciding that the State of Maryland at the time cannot hinder federal banks by forcing a tax on banks not chartered by Maryland. At the time of 1810, banks were collapsing due to an economic downfall of the war of 1812. The banks that survived that were licensed by the States lacked a lot of recognition and trust to move forward after the war to make an economic push. Then in 1816, Congress granted a charter to the Second Bank of the United States and alsoRea d MorePublic Health Vaccination Reporting Hearing Session1124 Words   |  5 Pageslegislative hearing session that was held in the General Assembly of Maryland in Annapolis. The hearing was held by the Senate Education, Health and Environmental Affairs Committee on February 25, 2015 at 1:00pm. The committee is chaired by Senator Joan Carter Conway and vice chair Senator Paul G Pinsky. The public hearing session that I attended was regarding Senate Bill number 598 entitled Public Health Vaccination Reporting to Maryland immunization registry, a web based software called ImmuNet. TheRead MoreDna Testing And The Second Amendment1276 Words   |  6 PagesDNA AS EVIDENCE DNA testing was first used in criminal prosecutions in 1985 and is now admissible in all states. (Hails, 184) Scientific and legal communities seem to universally accept the use of DNA as â€Å"good† evidence. Questions could arise regarding testing procedures. There are several testing methods that have been proven reliable and easily pass general acceptance and scientific validity tests. This is causes number of Daubert cases questioning DNA to decline. â€Å"In most cases, the tests thatRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Abuse1331 Words   |  6 PagesMaryland is known as the U.S heroin capital; â€Å"one in ten of Baltimore’s residents are addicted to the drug† (Yang, 2014). Graph one’s statistics represent the number of deaths caused by heroin in Baltimore, Maryland from January through June 2007-2014: (Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene [Graph 1], 2014). As the graph above illustrates, drug abuse is a disease that is often overlooked and if untreated it could turn into a recreational activity for the people using them and eventuallyRead MoreImpact Of Legislation On State Of Maryland1210 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Legislation on State of Maryland 1. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to research and evaluate the legislative drivers for information security programs of State of Maryland in order to improve the information security policy to prevent loss of the confidentiality, integrity and availability of agency operations, organizational assets or individuals with new amendments in legislation. This paper elaborates the objectives of five proposals that would impact the information security

Education vs Incarceration Essay Example For Students

Education vs Incarceration Essay This trend has starved essential social programs. Most notably education. Almost 75 percent of imprisonment spending is made at the state level, where dollars are drawn from a general fund that Is used to pay for a litany of public needs that include health care, housing, public assistance, and education. The National Association of State Budget Officers (NANAS) shows that elementary and high schools receive 73 percent of their state funding from this discretionary fund: public colleges and universities count on the fund for half of their budgets. However, $9 out of every $10 that supports Imprisonment comes from the same pool of money. With tens of billions of dollars in prison spending annually, states are finding that there is simply less discretionary money available to invest in education. For some groups, the incarceration numbers are especially startling. While one In 30 men between the ages of 20 and 34 are behind bars, for black males in that age group the figure Is one In nine. The nationwide figures, as of Jan. 1, 2010 Include 1 people in state and federal prisons and 723,1 31 in local Jails; a total ,319,258 out tot almost 230 million American adults. As a result of choices on where government dollars are spent, and the kind of Justice system and educational system policymakers have chosen to provide, the lifetime likelihood of African American men going to prison Is nearly twice as high as their getting a college degree. This tradeoff between education and incarceration is particularly noticeable at the community level. In many neighborhoods where millions of dollars are spent to lock up residents, the education infrastructure is broken. As the prison population skyrocketed in the past three decades, researchers began to notice that high concentrations of inmates were coming from a few select neighborhoods: primarily poor communities of color in major cities. These were called million dollar blocks to reflect that spending on Incarceration was the predominant public sector Investment In these neighborhoods. NAACP research found that matching zip codes to high rates of incarceration also reveals where low-performing schools, as measured by math proficiency, tend to cluster. The lowest-performing schools tend to be in the areas here incarceration rates are the highest. To shift our funding prolepses, national and state policy-makers need to choose cost-effective criminal-justice policies and focus on public-safety strategies that reduce crime and reserve more of the tax dollars for our childrens education. Only when we make meaningful investments In schools, not prison, will our country reap the benefits through increased earnings for families, reduced unemployment, t Off reach reliance on puddle assailants, Increased CIVIC proclamation, Ana Impair public safety for neighborhoods at risk of violence and visualization.

There are many types of software development model Essays

There are many types of software development models with many different uses, pros and cons. This essay will list four different software models and their uses. The first software model is Six Stigma. Six Stigma is known as the perfectionist of the software model world and is used by major companies due to it's high success rate. Six Stigma tends to be very strict on their defect policy and only allows companies to produce 3.4 defects out of every million products. A defect is anything outside of a customer's specification. This has caused Six Stigma to have an extremely thorough policy. Six Stigma has two different routines for two different types of businesses and their necessities. For businesses that already exist and are falling below S.S. standards, there is the D.M.A.I.C. (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) system. And for projects and/or products that haven't launched yet, there is D.M.A.D.V (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). Though, many people tend to roll their eyes at Six Stigma and say that it is a waste of time and not necessary but most of the time those are people that don't know how to correctly use it. Though, this hasn't stopped Six Stigma from having Black Belt employees that save approximately $230,000 per project and can complete 4 to 6 projects in a year. In fact, General Electric, a large company that uses Six Stigma has estimated benefits on the order of $10 billion during the first five years of implementations. The second software model to discuss is Waterfall. Waterfall is a sequential design process. Process is seen as flowing steadily downwards and through conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production, and maintenance. About 20-40% of time is dedicated to the first two phases and 30-40% is dedicated to coding. The rest is dedicated to testing and production. Waterfall was originally specifically for manufacturing and construction but the cases progressively got more costly and harder to fix, causing them to swap to a more office software' field. Waterfall is a bit more aged than the rest. When Waterfall first launched, there was no real formal software developments that existed yet. Waterfall actually converted into software modeling. The Third software model would be Scrum. Scrum is often perceived as methodology but is more of a framework for the management process. Scrum is all about teamwork and believe that there should be no dictating leader of a group. For instance, when a new project is made or launched, many decisions are left up to the scrum software team because they are trained to solve problems. Scrum heavily relies on a strong, independent, self-organizing, cross-functional team of software designers. Cross-functional as in the fact that without the help of every team-mate, they wouldn't be able to turn a feature into an implementation. Agile is our last software model and it is mostly known to be paired with Scrum. Agile is a set of Values and principles for software development which are constantly evolving as technology changes. Agile is very big on accepting change and adapting to new advances in the technological world, plus, a rapid response to it. Agile truly and heavily believes in face-to-face communication with customers and workers as well.