Anthology Poems Essay

It is just filled with 5 poetic lines which we had to either do a free verse poem, poems without rhyming or patterns and that don‘t follow any rules, or a blank verse which is a poem that uses no rhyming but has iambic pentameters (patterns). Or you can do a rhyme verse which is a poem that uses rhyming. My poem is blank verse because even though I have no rhyming I have a pattern. You see I repeat the word â€Å"reason† a few times and it follow a pattern. Read ona The Room No matter how many times I tell him, He never cleans his room! On how dirty it is! His underwear is under the ____ Bed. His papers are on the __f_lo__o_r__. Last weeks sandwich is a M O L D Y Mess! Theirs something called â€Å"Clean up your room! † I say to him everyday! At last I punished him with a ban on T. V. That’s when the stink went away. Description This poem is a poem with a speaker. A speaker poem is a person that is talking in the poem. Sometimes the speaker can be the author itself talking in the poem. Other times it is a made up character. In this case, you can figure out that the speaker is the kids mother because she â€Å"banned him with no T. V. † until his room is cleaned up. (Now mothers will do that, just ask my mother. ) Read ona My Cat My cat is dumb! Let me tell you that! He’s the opposite of what a cat Should be! He hates mice, But loves dogs. He doesn’t like milk, But prefers meat. Now tell me, Is that how a cat should be? Description This poem by yours truly is a irony poem. Ever heard of that word? Irony in poetic terms means when a result of something is the complete opposite of what you would expect. For example, in my poem you wouldn’t expect a cat to be friends with dogs. I mean dogs and cats hate each other. Well at least that’s what we would expect. And for a cat to not like milk! Unbelievable, right? (Yea I know, I have a dumb cat. But it is ironic that my cat behaves the opposite of what cats should behave like. That is why this poem is a irony poem. Read ona I Love You Do you remember? All the fun times we had. Oh how you would laugh at my jokes. Oh I’d do anything To hear your lovely voice. Your voice makes me smile Even when I’m mad. So I wrote this poem, To tell you, That I love you! Description This poem is a theme poem. Yes you heard right. Theme. Theme is the main idea in a poem or the authors feelings/thoughts. In this poem the theme is love. This is easy to figure out because the poem just says right there that the person loves another person. Some times these poems can be in a shape. Like my poem is shaped kind of like a heart and the theme of it is love. Isn’t it sweet? Read ona Just A Kiss Silence walks upon the stone halls. As you sleep for a hundred years. Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer Visited you every year. Hoping to find you up and about. But just as they feared, Everything is weird- Sleeping Beauty has just premiered. But not before your sleep is evoked, Before you stands Charming himself. Thus, a kiss on the lips, Was all that was needed, To arouse you from your ancient sleep. Description This is another poem by me that is an allusion poem. Allusion in poetry terms means when a poem makes a reference to another poem. For example in my poem Just A Kiss the allusion is Sleeping Beauty sleeping for a hundred years until Prince Charming came to wake her from her deep sleep. I am alluding the story of Sleeping Beauty to my poem. Read ona I Wish I wish to drift into the darkness. Into the shadows of death. Slowly my grip loosens. I am trapped in an avalanche. This pain-its too much! I’m like snow trapped in the suns rays. Slowly and silently, I’ll rise, From this nightmare. Description This poem is a chance poem. Nothing big but we just had to pick 5 words from this list and use those words to make a poem. Read ona Moment Of Freedom The monsters in my head, They tell me I’m crazy. Maybe I am. These monsters, they yell and scream, Until I let them out. But they come back, they always do. These monsters they bring me crimson delight. Fresh crimson pleasure, trickling down my arm As the blade digs deeper, I find a moment of freedom. A moment where everything stops. Everything is peaceful. Everything is fine. But soon the monsters will come back. Then, no longer will I feel the pain. No longer will I feel crimson joy. Everything will be back to normal, With the monsters screaming, Until I let them out again. Description This poem is a poem with figurative language poem. Figurative language is a term in poetry when you compare two unlike things to make something clear. For example if I say the soap bubbles in the bath tub are like clouds in the sky, I am comparing the soap bubbles to the clouds, but the soap bubbles aren’t really clouds, right? In this poem I am comparing the suicide thoughts of the speaker to monsters. Read ona Nothing But The Best You’re my summer sun, And I’m your winter wind. No matter what mistakes I make, All the times I’ve yelled at you, You’re always there. Even when I’m fierce like the winter wind; Howling all the time, My nerves are calmed by your sunshine smile. You’re a treasure chest, Full of priceless gems. To me you’re nothing but the best. Description This poem is a poem of assonance/alliteration. Assonance is when you use repetition of the sound of a vowel. I don’t think I have tat but I do have alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of 2 or more words that end with the same sound or start with the same letter. For example in the poem I said â€Å"winter wind† both words have a â€Å"w† in the beginning. I also used â€Å"sunshine smile† which has a â€Å"s† in the beginning of each word. This is how my poem uses assonance/alliteration. Read ona The Monster Mama always said she loved me. But then why do I cry every time she came home? Why do I hide under the bed, Praying she didn’t come looking for me? Before daddy left, She told me I was her sweet little angel. So why does she tell me that she hates me? Why is it the she says I’m a nuisance? What did I do, To get black and blue, Bruises all over my body. Mama always told me, That the monster always haunts kids, Who lie and cheat and hit people. Then why did she lie to me when she told me, That daddy ran away, When she kicked him out of the house? And why did she cheat on daddy before he Went to another place? And why does she hit me with her whiskey bottle? Why does she love to see me cry When the glass cuts my skin? Mama knew what she did to me, But what she didn’t know was that the monster was, The only one that said it loved me. Description This poem is a poem on symbolism. Symbolism is the idea or topic of the poem. For example, the night is a symbol of death. Or in the poem I made the monster symbolizes the thoughts one would have after abuse. Read ona The End My past is finished, It’s all filled with pain. My past is killing me, ‘Cause I’m trapped in this lane. My mind is at war with me, I can’t control the thoughts deep inside me. I’m bent out of shape with all this pain, I think it’s time I’ve played life’s game. Before it’s time I ask myself, ‘Is this the end? Will there ever be a tomorrow? ’ Almost turning away, I turn right back, I decide there is nothing more for me, Only the end can set me†¦ Free†¦ Description This last poem is a free verse poem. Like I explained in the other poem called â€Å"Reason† I said that free verse poems are poems without rhyming or patterns and that don‘t follow any rules. And just like in this poem I did not follow any patterns. aSTOP? *NO MORE POEMS*

The mistress and harp of burma

In Japanese Literature, stories have often depicted what greatly influenced the prevalent period of common life and social sentiment. In the two books written by Japanese authors in two separate periods of Japan’s history, a transition is clearly seen through literature often expressed in superb storytelling. In Ogai Mori’s â€Å"The Wild Geese†, human struggle is greatly influenced by tales of love in the midst of Japan’s industrialization boom. Writers depict and assimilate the concepts of free-thinking which brought romance and human emotion to the limelight. The familiarity of the reforms established during the period for which Ogai’s novel was actually written apparently brought forward the chance to openly discuss Japan’s so-called evil customs and traditions in a bid to strengthen the imperial rule. Okada, as one of the main characters clearly narrated how he felt that a woman should be only a beautiful object, something loveable, a being who keeps her beauty and loneliness no matter what the situation she is in (Ogai, 20). In the same page, Okada added that this sentiment is brought about under the influence of habitual reading of old Chinese love stories. There is therefore a clear view in principle that establishes a need to disregard culture and ideas that wrongly adapted the old Oriental ways which often restricted free-thinkers to intellectually prosper. In Toyoda’s movie, â€Å"The Mistress†, adapted from Mori Ogai’s The Wild Geese, oriental values was the main discussion with aims to expose the ancient cultural standards that stand in the way of personal freedom. In Otama we see the oppressed and marginalized people driven and deceived without any hope of being uplifted from the moral and restrictive bounds that society places upon them. The simplistic adventure of romance in a plot heightens into limelight the realities of life and the prevailing social views of the middle class which somehow voices out a need for reform in the Meiji Restoration period. Several decades later after Japan was able to stand on its own two feet, Japan experienced a wartime defeat that brought home sad stories of soldiers taken as prisoners of war. Takayama’s â€Å"Harp of Burma† showed pacifism as the main aim of both novel and on film. â€Å"We have to be ready for hardship, for all we know, we may die here in Burma. If that time comes, let us die together†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , (Takeyama, 33). Such poignant words relay veiled patriotism whose desire for peace in an armistice agreement with their British captors aims to relay the evils of war. Written during a period where wartime horrors still stayed afresh in the minds of the Japanese people, there was not an ounce of blame or an aim to proclaim the evils of their captors. Its sincere inward idea was just to dwell on the problems the war brought to everyone involved. In retrospect, The Harp of Burma establishes a deeper humanistic connection to modern day events where peace is the common desire of mankind. The movie through cinematic effect exceeds sensory reflection that somehow created a link to present day situations around the world where wars and battles are fought. Although Ogai’s novel discussed social issues on a road to recovery, the pressing need for peace exceeds in meaning and connection through the Harp of Burma that was successfully portrayed in film. Seeing the ravages of war makes a good reflection how one favors such madness that resulted in tragedy and death. As an anti-war film, it even exceeded the points portrayed in its novel where suffering is presented as a result of too much desire. As a challenge to survival, the movie â€Å"Fires on the Plain† declares a clearly made manifestation of human woes compared to the movie of the same title, â€Å"The Burmese Harp†. Both movies however adapted Takeyama’s novel The Harp of Burma that depicted a deep sense of longing for the fatherland while emphasizing compassion in the midst of survival and atrocities. As a human interest film, â€Å"Fires on the Plain† arouses a relative connection through artistic performance of reality in full color for young viewers to understand how wars wreak and break even the strongest heart. Works Cited Mori, Ogai trans. Ociai, Kingo and Goldstein, Sanford (1959). The Wild Geese. Boston: Tuttle Publishing Takeyama, Michio trans., Howard Hibbett ( 1966). Harp of Burma. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.      

A problem question in property law

A problem question in property law Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Property law 1. The property here is held as a tenancy in common as the words â€Å"in equal shares† has been used and the parties have sold and passed on their individual shares indicating their intention that they all own a part of the property as opposed to them all holding the whole of the property. The Law of Property Act 1925 stipulates that the legal estate can only be held by more than one person as joint tenants. A tenancy in common in the legal estate can no longer exist, so that if there is to be a tenancy in common then this must exist behind a trust for sale. As against the outside world (including any landlord) the co-occupiers (who are trustees) can only be joint tenants. Section 12 of TOLATA 1996 confers a right to occupy where the purposes of e trust include making the property available for such occupation or where the lands is held by the trustees so as to be so available. No right arises where the land is unavailable or unsuitable for occupation. Whe re two or more beneficiaries have a right to occupy, the trustees may exclude or restrict the entitlement of any of them as long as the trustees act reasonably in doing so. In exercising their power to exclude, restrict or impose restrictions the trustees are, by reason of s13(4), to have regard to the intentions of the person who created the trust, the purposes for which the land is held an the wishes of all of the beneficiaries who would be entitled to occupy [1] . Therefore on this basis it is likely that the other trustees will be able to sell the property and Beth and Emma will therefore be able to remain at the property. 2. Easements can come into existence in a number of ways; by express grant (either by deed or in writing), by implication on the sale of part of a property or by prescription. It has long been established that an easement is no more than a right over land and not a right to either possession or joint and exclusive use of it [2] . If an alleged right involves t he exclusion of the owner of land, it cannot be an easement. The precise scope of this principle has been considered in a number of cases. In Copeland v Greenhalf, above, a wheelwright’s claim to an easement to store vehicles on a strip of adjoining land failed because Upjohn J considered that the right was too extensive to constitute an easement in law; it amounted to a claim to the whole beneficial use of the part of the strip of land over which it had been exercised. In Grigsby v Melville [3] Brightman J took a similar view of an asserted right to use premises as a store. Nonetheless, in Wright v McAdam [4] , the Court of Appeal had considered that a tenant’s use of a shed in a garden for the storage of coal might be an easement. Categories of easements have increased since the decision in Dyce v Lady James Hay [5] and have developed over time to suit modern society. For example it is doubtful at the time of this decision that right to access car parking spaces wa s a valid or existing easement, whereas such easements are common these days.

MGT Week 10 SA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT Week 10 SA - Essay Example Of importance is the business model that organizations have that gives a strategy dictates the way people respond to various situation in the environment. In combining the notion of the two paragraphs, the notion that leadership and the business model that organizations have work together to enhance the participation of employees. This implies that a combination of all the people in the organization leadership style that enhance participation of employees and a good business models within a culture that creates a conducive environment for all the members, it is possible to optimize on the productivity. The two paragraphs, however, indicate some differences in that while paragraph one indicate the importance of the leadership in enhancing participation and commitment of employees, paragraph two indicates that the a good business model helps an organization to adapt to a change and keeps the employees focused on fulfilling the goals of the company at hand (Ahmad & Gelaidan. 2011). Employee’s Affective Commitment to Change: A Case of Yemen Public Sector.Journal of Organizational Management Studies. Retrieved on August 21st, 2013, from

ASSIGNMENT 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2 - Assignment Example The resultant of this would be the loss of threads and finally loosening of the components. The mechanism behind this corrosion is in the difference that occurs in levels of oxygen between internal crevice and the external surface. The depletion of oxygen on the crevice causes it to be he anode creating an extremely corrosive environment inside the crevice. The corrosion occurs on the low-oxygen area acting as the anode with protection on the high oxygen area as the cathodes. Pitting is another form of localized corrosion that penetrates into metals as quickly as possible mostly at an angle of ninety degrees. As a result of it, we can have leaking tanks. This kind of corrosion is often hard to identify. The moment it is visible to humans, the damage will have been extensive the passivation layer of stainless steel makes it vulnerable pitting corrosion rather than uniform corrosion.The figure below show pits on stainless steel rings after it was subjected to the marine environment Surface corrosion occurs on the surfaces of the materials in question.it has different types that include: stainless steels involves a flat-gray uniform surface attack mostly leading to significant damages in form of deposits of corrosion. Non-stainless products do suffer an extreme corrosion under a pale-black surface. Color-anodized surfaces involves crater formation in places of heavy attacks. In normal conditions only a partial or complete loss of color intensity occurs. This kind of corrosion occurs as a result of chemical and electrochemical influences. This only happens when there is connection with excessive acid contents in relation to stainless steel, soldered connections and sintered carbide metal are concerned. In the case of stainless steel, corrosion is aided by the impact of water/humidity. On anodized surfaces, the impact of acids or

Give me at least 3 question to discussion after your reading. then Research Paper

Give me at least 3 question to discussion after your reading. then answer the following questions - Research Paper Example It is of much importance that organizations venture the global markets fast but in a realistic manner. When seeking employment, such will be the issues to consider on how best you can help the organization achieve and maintain a global profile. It is evident that organizations need global managers. Do you think that it is the sole responsibility of managers to achieve the objective, or leaders have a role to play in achieving the objective? Can the role of managers and leaders be quantified to establish which one has the greatest significance? What would be your role as a manager, leader, or both, in realizing the objective of global recognition? Kotter convincingly argue that management and leadership roles are complementary, despite them being different. The major difference between the two is that, while managers promote stability, leaders drive change derived from the complex issues that managers solve. The difference is enough to explain that both cannot work independently. In the contemporary world, technological advancements are attributable to the changes in how organizations are run. In the past decade, the internet did not have a significant role in organizations. In addition, smartphones have increasingly been a part of the accessibility of information with the help of the internet. The organizational culture is constantly changing to accommodate the technological advancements and maintain a competitive advantage. In my opinion, I have strong leadership skills, bearing in mind the distinctive characteristics of managers and leaders. Leadership skills are not innate; they are acquired. The working environment shapes individuals to become leaders. On the contrary, management skills are influenced by personal traits. It is evident that leaders focus on the vision and adjust their skills in a manner that is suitable for the team and the organization as a whole. On the other hand, managers set the vision, but it may not be achieved

Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Finance - Case Study Example modern technology has eased investment in the international market since several platforms for monitoring the progress of subsidiary firms are available online. Before entering the foreign markets, the BFIS should consider several factors to avoid suffering huge losses as discussed below. The level of competition in the international market is a fundamental consideration for making a foreign investment. Investing in the foreign market is an expensive venture that requires maximum caution. BFSI should assess and evaluate the level of competition in the international market to identify the techniques that need to be put in practice before initiating any investment. It is imperative to note that the level of competition influences the profit margin of an enterprise. In this regard, market competition should not be overlooked when investing in the foreign markets (Hiles 141). In most cases, business enterprises develop marketing techniques that are aimed at driving competitors out of the market. For this reason, BFSI requires to assess the nature of competition in the various foreign markets before establishing any investment. The government is usually involved in the money market for regulation and maintenance of ethical standards. In addition, the governments of various countries impose taxes either to encourage or discourage foreign trade. Some policies enforced by the governments of various countries may be harmful to BFIS’ foreign investment plan. For instance, high tax rates may lower the profit margin and eventually limit further expansion of the industry in the international market. Some countries are quite conservative and are usually not welcoming to new investors. Essentially, government policies might favor further expansion of an enterprise or discourage its dominance in the foreign markets. The international financial market is highly influenced by the nature of customers in particular countries. The groups of people participating in the

Social and Psychological Factors of Methamphetamine Abuse Research Paper

Social and Psychological Factors of Methamphetamine Abuse - Research Paper Example As can be seen, choosing cocaine (and/or methamphetamine) is made without regard for the repercussions of danger or punishment. This information is exceedingly noteworthy when one looks at the effect methamphetamine has on its users. These precarious behaviors described by users as an intense high or euphoria, heightened sexual experiences, and focused attentions have been repeated in further studies and reveal that habit and compulsion overrides the recognition of obvious hazards. Even though there are reports of extreme paranoia and depression for weeks after abuse, users will continue to use making it difficult to hold down a job or take care of a family (American Council on Drug Education, n.d.). Looking at some of the most current theories in clinical and behavioral research, this paper will explore the multifaceted roles which predispose individuals to methamphetamine abuse by evaluating the psychological and social factors of addiction. Generally, peer group is one of the most import social factors leading to Methamphetamine abuse. As friends take this drug, individual finds it cool to use it. This has generally been one of the reasons why people at a young age start using abusive drugs. According to the national institute of health, ‘Monitoring the future survey’, drug abuse in 8th-10th graders is lesser (National Institute of Drug Abuse). However, it does exist, suggesting how ‘trying to be cool’ attitude may have influenced all this young students to take the drug. This is specifically the case with male students as boys are more likely to be aggressive and naughty as compared to girls. The colorless and odorless drug, when taken, increases the cognitive activity and makes the individual feel happier and excited. Hence, when the social surrounding becomes depressing, people tend to divert to such drugs. Due to the satisfaction gained by this drug,

Jazz History-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jazz History-1 - Essay Example As a drummer myself, I can attest to the difficulty of creating unique ways of rhythm within a song. Max Roach’s style of drumming was visibly influenced by the style of Kenny Clarke, an early bebop drummer at Milton’s Playhouse. However, even though Clarke’s style was certainly innovative, Roach made a few changes to the method. Roach made bebop drumming more melodic and more polyrhythmic (Larson 133). In the 1940s, the jazz scene was changing in the wake of the War. Bebop had officially begun in New York, centered around Milton’s Playhouse, where Kenny Clarke was already playing when Max Roach began. Rather than keeping time with the bass drum, as was traditional at the time for swing drummers, Roach switched to time-keeping on the ride cymbal. This had the effect of making songs seem lighter and more propulsive. In addition, Roach freed his hands for more extravagant rhythms that ultimately defined his style as a bebop drummer (Mathieson 126-9). During the 1940s, Roach played with a number of the most recognizable names in the bebop scene. Most notably, he played in the Parker/Gillespie quintet in 1944 and in the Parker/Davis quintet in 1947. This brought Roach the fame and recognition he deserved, keeping rhythms and times for world-renowned trumpeters. But even as conventional bebop declined in popularity coming into the 1950s, Roach co-led a quintet named after him and Clifford Brown, forming one of the most noteworthy hard bop groups of the decade, incorporating such names as Sonny Rollins and Sonny Stitt between 1953 and 1956 (Larson 133). Roach’s influence would live on in his recordings which still influence countless drummers to this day. A more critical look at Roach’s biography reveals a number of interesting musical influences on his style. By 10, the young Roach was drumming in gospel bands, and, immediately after graduating from high school, he was already playing

The Impacts of Poor Parental Responsibility on Future Criminality Essay Example for Free

The Impacts of Poor Parental Responsibility on Future Criminality Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Criminality is one of the most alarming social issues today. Despite efforts of the government and private organizations to minimize the occurrence of violence and offense, the statistics cease to decline. The age of offenders, on the contrary, continues to drop. (Asher 2006) reports that of the 9.6 million arrested by the FBI Uniform Crime Report in 2003, 16% were under the age of 18. Five percent barely reached 15 years of age. Studies have continuously pointed to many different causes and risk factors leading to juvenile offense and adult delinquency. Childhood factors, on the other hand, remains to be an essential point of many of these studies. One of these conditions in childhood is parenting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management of parental responsibilities and parenting styles differ significantly depending on the family structure and the societal conditions in which the family is in. As such, one parent’s reaction to a behavior manifested by a child may vary from another parent’s response. Likewise, factors surrounding a child can affect how he is going to respond to the actions and reactions of his parents. However, it is important to note that the child spends his formative years at home. This validates saying that management of parental responsibility affects the behavior of children, and can be a good indicator and intervention for a child’s risk for future criminality. Good and Bad Parenting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parenting is a lifetime career, and it is a job that each parent should strive to be good at. When couples practice positive parenting, it shields their children from the likelihood of becoming a delinquent later in life. (Asher 2006) It is the parents, not the neighborhood, who establish the conditions at home. One, in fact, does not affect the other. (Thornberry and Hall 2005) These circumstances directly affect the growth of the children. (Eklund and af Klinteberg 2006) claims that poor parenting can lead to the development of antisocial behavior in children which they can carry to adulthood. (Huesmann 2002) agrees, saying that when a family is deprived of interaction and nurturing children are more prone to be aggressive—a trait which may lead to criminality. Having two parents at home is not the sole requirement. The involvement of both parents to take on the roles of rearing the children and the relationship of the mother and the father with the children are equally important. (Eklund and af Klinteberg 2006) Both the mother and father or the figures playing these roles have different parenting perspectives that can shape their children. These perspectives should be agreed upon and communicated about, establishing a clear parenting system. The parenting system can be divided into three styles as formulated by Baumrind. The authoritarian parenting style puts control over the child and initiates a set of rules which the child should follow. Often, punishment is given if the child fails to abide by the rules. Authoritative, sometimes called equalitarian parenting, makes the child a part of the decision-making process. It exercises open communication with the child and sorts out circumstances before punishments, if applicable, are given. Permissive parenting, on the other hand, puts little control over the child and often lets the child decide for himself. (Parenting n.d.) (Smith 2004) claims that parenting styles may affect a teenager’s risk to be involved in deviant behavior and criminality. When parents neglect their children, impose harsh disciplinary measures, and create situations that lead to transitions in the family structure such as divorce or separation, the children are at a high risk of delinquency later in life. In a survey conducted to 39 parents of juvenile offenders, 46% were authoritarian, 29% were authoritative (equalitarian), and 25% were permissive. (Asher, 2006) This establishes a link in the likelihood of criminality among children who grew up in a controlling parenting style. This is not surprising because authoritarian parents have a hard time monitoring the activities of their children, who may not trust them with information of their activities for fear of rejection or being scolded. (Smith 2004) Permissive parenting, however, results in children who lack self control because they grew up in a family environment where little control is put over them. The best parenting style may be said to be the authoritative (equalitarian) parenting style which produces confident children with good social skills. (Parenting n.d.) But apart from parenting style, other factors may affect the risk of a child’s involvement in criminality. Linking Parental Responsibility and Delinquency   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even if parents practice authoritative parenting and strive to raise the perfect kids, several other aspects of the home can make or break a growing up child. Divorce, child abuse, exposure to substance abuse, religious orientation, and the family climate as a whole are family occurrences that may contribute to a child’s likelihood to be involved in crimes and offenses later in life. Divorce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ideally, children should have a mother and a father, or persons who will take on the roles of the parents. When one parent is absent, it produces a family setting that differs from the standard, creating an environment for a child that deviates from the family setting that he knows and/or hears about. Children should grow up with a mother to nurture them and a father to support their emotional and social development. Without a father or a father figure, kids have a tendency to be aggressive, and lack patience and sense of responsibility. (Asher 2006)   (Thornberry et al 1999) claims that children whose families often go through transitions are more likely to be violent and be delinquents. A significant portion of the population studied in Rochester, Denver, and Pittsburgh also manifested drug use and abuse. The study showed that the more disruptions the family go through, the more likely the child is going to be delinquent later on. (Asher 2006) further proves this by quoting Chapman in saying that 53% of convicts grew up in homes without two-parent setups. Child Abuse and Maltreatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes, it takes the rod to discipline a child; but using the rod too often may defeat the purpose and lead otherwise. When children are punished physically, they develop fear or much worse anger that leads to avoidance. (Parenting n.d.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents may go out of control and unconsciously abuse the children physically, and raise criminals without knowing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sixty eight percent of juvenile delinquents have been abused or neglected in their childhood. What the parents of these teenagers never knew is that child abuse increases a child’s risk to become a criminal later in life by as much as 40%. Exposure to violence can lead a child to become violent to others himself, as violence and aggression is learned early in life. This may later on result in offenses and criminality. (Love our Children USA 2005) In fact, in a study of 388 white males in Idaho, (Heck and Walsh 2000) proved that maltreatment in children accounted for the likelihood of violent delinquencies later on. (Huesmann 2002) agrees, saying that children who are rejected by their parents and received harsh punishments grow up aggressive, putting them at a high risk of being arrested when they grow up. Exposure to Substance Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A study developed by (Eklund and af Klinteberg 2006) proved that alcohol abuse at home contributed as a major factor for persistent criminality in children. The study also showed that children reared in households where there is alcohol abuse had a tendency to abuse alcohol themselves. Today, alcohol is not the only culprit that parents should watch for. Variations of illegal drugs and drug alternatives are also widely available, and the children will most likely be exposed to them especially when parents abuse them. This becomes a risk factor for them to have violent behavior and to get involved in criminal activities at the worst. Religious Orientation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is a challenge to every couple to raise their children in an environment that believes in a supreme being, no matter what sect or religion the couple belongs to. This proves to be a protective factor for children, defending them from becoming delinquents later in life. Parents who attended church more when their children were at their formative years, which is before the age of eight, had little or no problems with their children becoming arrested or convicted. They also find it easier to communicate with their children and discuss problems, a factor that helps the children be expressive and avoids them from having violent tendencies and committing offenses. (Huesmann 2002) Family Climate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The condition of the family as a whole can be a major indicator of later delinquency in children. According to (McCord 1991), couples should properly manage maternal competence, paternal interaction, and family expectations as these can be directly linked to juvenile delinquency. The poorer these factors were managed, the more likely delinquency can occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mothers should be able to handle the household and manage it with authority yet compassion. Fathers should have more interaction with the other members of the family, especially with the children, instead of becoming the quiet stereotype that old media has portrayed the paternal role. Family expectations should be moderated—not too high and strict nor too low and permissive—so that the children can grow up goal oriented. In a study, only 5% of boys raised in this ideal family setting were involved in criminality, while 47% of those who grew up under the contrary circumstances became delinquents. (McCord 1991) Parental Responsibilities and Liabilities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The parents’ role in rearing their children does not stop when the children leave the house. Unless the children are more than 18 years of age, parents are held responsible in supervising them. Education is one of the most sensitive responsibilities that parents have over their children, as parents are tasked to ensure that their children go to school until the age of 16. Likewise, parents are held liable when children go astray and make offenses towards other people and the law. (Governor’s Crime Commission 2000)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juvenile delinquency does not only affect the well-being of the child but the parents as well. As parents, they are responsible in attending the hearings and make efforts in speaking with the attorney and the judge to be informed about the development of the case. Parents may also be asked by victims to be responsible and pay for the damages caused by their children. (Governor’s Crime Commission 2000) In certain instances, parents may also have to accomplish community service sentences with their children, attend seminars to improve parental responsibility, or worse lose custody of their children when the court finds that they cannot responsibly handle them. (Colorado Judicial Branch 2001)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To avoid such inconveniences, it is wise for parents to take charge of the children. The younger the children are disciplined, the less likely that they will develop problems with delinquency and criminality when they grow older. Even before the children enter school, parents should start educating themselves and accessing training programs that will help them be responsible parents. They should learn how to detect problems and solve them proactively, and promote openness of communication with their children to lessen the risk of future criminality. Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rearing children can be a difficult task, and a sensitive one at that. A child’s experiences in his early age can greatly affect his perception of life, of people, and of the society. Therefore, it is important that parents or people taking on the role of parents be attentive enough to the emotional, social, psychological, and physiological needs of the children they are raising.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parenting can be any of three styles, and it is dependent on the parents and the background of the family to choose which style works best for them. However, studies have repeatedly proven that authoritative, otherwise known as equalitarian parenting, is the style that gets the best results. As it is a positive parenting approach and involves the children in the process of parenting and decision making, this style opens the communication lines between the parents and the child, making the child more comfortable to interact with them. This contradicts authoritarian parenting which assumes full control of the child, creating hostility between the parents and the child. On the other hand, authoritative (equalitarian) parenting corrects the improper management and imposition of discipline carried out with permissive parenting. The choice of parenting style, though, is not enough. Parents should also take care of their choices, which affect the occurrences at home. Divorce, child abuse and maltreatment, substance abuse, religious orientation, and the family climate are other indicators of good parenting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While divorce is a choice for the couples to make, couples should consider the effects of the separation to their children. The same intervention applies especially if new people will be involved in the relationship after the divorce. The preparedness of the children in accepting the family transition can spell the impact for them in the future. Child abuse and maltreatment should also be avoided, and induction of punishment should be put under control as this exposes the child to violence and other psychological effects that can lead him to be violent as well when he becomes an adult. Substance abuse in parents can also greatly affect substance abuse among children; and even if parents do not abuse drugs or alcohol their perception and management of these issues among their children can pretty much put a certain level of control over the children’s choice to abuse substances later on. Religious orientation and family climate should also be as positive as possible, to help raise kids that are not prone to delinquency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents are responsible for their children until they reach the age of 18. Thus, it is important that parents impose discipline among their children and prevent future criminality. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The statistics of crime rates and criminals are on the rise, and a good starting point in curtailing the growth of the statistics can be found at home. Poor parenting puts children at risk to becoming criminals. In effect, if parents observe good parenting practices and manage the growth of their children properly, there is less chance for their children to become delinquents, and more chance in raising productive members of the society.       References Asher, J. â€Å"Exploring the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Juvenile Delinquency.† 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?miami1165594171 (27 April 2007) Colorado Judicial Branch. â€Å"Answers to Your Questions About Juvenile Delinquency.† 2001. http://www.courts.state.co.us/exec/pubed/brochures/juvenile.pdf (2 May 2007) Eklund, J. and af Klinteberg, B. â€Å"Stability of and Change in Criminal Behavior: A Prospective Study of Young Male Lawbreakers and Controls.† 2006. http://www.iafmhs.org/files/Eklundspring06.pdf (27 April 2007) Governor’s Crime Commission. â€Å"You and the Juvenile Justice System: A Guide for Youths, Parents, and Victims.† 2000. http://www.doa.state.nc.us/yaio/documents/justice.pdf (2 May 2007) Heck, C. and Walsh, A. â€Å"The Effects of Maltreatment and Family Structure on Minor and Serious Delinquency.† 2000. http://www.sagepub.com/martin/Heck.pdf (27 April 2007) Huesmann, L. R. â€Å"Childhood Predictors of Adult Criminality: Are All Risk Factors Reflected in Childhood Aggressiveness?† 2002. http://www.andrews.edu/~rbailey/Chapter%2016/10133509.pdf (27 April 2007) Love our Children USA. â€Å"Teen Violence Prevention.† 2005. http://www.loveourchildrenusa.org/parent_preventteenviolence.php (27 April 2007) McCord, J. â€Å"Family Relationships, Juvenile Delinquency, and Adult Criminality.† 1991.   http://courses.missouristate.edu/KarlKunkel/SOC540/mccord.pdf (27 April 2007) Parenting. â€Å"Parenting.† N.d. www.radford.edu/~dhall/parenting.ppt (27 April 2007) Smith, D. â€Å"Parenting and Delinquency at Ages 12 to 15.† 2004. http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest3.pdf (27 April 2007) Thornberry, T. and Hall, G. â€Å"The Joint Impact of Family and Community Structure on Violent Delinquency.† 2005. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/215999.pdf (27 April 2007) Thornberry, T. et al. â€Å"Family Disruption and Delinquency.† 1999. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/178285.pdf (27 April 2007)

Reducing Plastic Bag Usage In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay

Reducing Plastic Bag Usage In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay The Hong Kong government and the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) have launched an environmental levy of plastic shopping bags in July 2009 which aims to reduce indiscriminate use of plastic bags. After one-year of implementation, it is conducted that limited contribution is achieved. Our organization understands the awareness of the indiscriminate use of plastic bags which burdens the landfills and raises the visible environmental problem in Hong Kong. In this paper, we are writing to suggest two proposed policies in terms of extension of the levy scheme: (1) extend the scale of the levy to all retail outlets; and (2) embrace all types of plastic bags into charge. All of these aim to reduce the use of plastic bags more effectively in Hong Kong. Furthermore, we will discuss the effectiveness and concerns of the proposed policies with related references and successful cases from other countries e.g. Ireland, which has already introduced its plastic bag levy in 2002. Lastly, t he paper ends with a recommendation on broadening the scope of the levy scheme by corresponding measures. In 7th July 2009, the Hong Kong government and the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) introduced the Environmental levy on plastic shopping bags (the scheme) in order to reduce indiscriminate use of plastic bags and arouse consumers awareness on the visible environmental problem in Hong Kong. The government proposed the scheme with a levy of 50 cents for a plastic shopping bag in a variety of retail outlets. After one-year of implementation, the government conducted that per-capita disposal figure of plastic shopping bags is over 1.8 per person in 2009 which is lowered than the figure conducted in 2005. The accomplishment is appreciated. (EPD, 2009) After a head start of one-year of implementation, it is potential for the scheme to be extended with a broader scope due to its incomprehensive outcomes and the presence of loopholes. Therefore, we are writing to suggest two proposed policies in terms of extension of the levy scheme which aims to reduce the use of plastic bags in a more effective way. Background information 3.1 Statement to the Problem The indiscriminate use of plastic bags is a major visible environmental problem in Hong Kong. From the Landfill Survey'(2005) which is conducted by EPD, it is estimated that more than 23 million of plastic bags are disposed in the landfill every day. In 2009, EPD took into account to this problem with the introduction of Environmental levy on plastic shopping bags. Nevertheless, according to the Hong Kong Retail Management Association (HKRMA)(2009), it is estimated that the scheme achieved a limited contribution with only 6% reduction of plastic bag usage after one-year of implementation. The estimation reflects that long-term implementation and extension of the scheme is needed to deal with the problem while the benefit of the extended scheme would probably go directly to environmental protection. 3.3 Our organizations interest with respect to the problem Our environmental organization understands the rising awareness of the indiscriminate use of plastic bags which lead to major visible environmental problem. Our objectives are tackling environmental issues and undertaking research for further advice to government policy in terms of environment protection. The survey conducted by GHK indicated that it takes 20 to 1000 years to decompose the plastic bags in the present landfills. In addition, the usage of plastic bags is increasing simultaneously. (GHK Hong Kong Ltd, 2007) With respect to the limited contributions achieved from the existing scheme, we have drawn up two policy options for the extension of the existing scheme which aim reduce the use of plastic bags and encourage consumers to change their behavior towards sustainable consumption. Policy options Current policy and situation There are only a total of 41 prescribed retailers registered under the levy scheme and about 3000 qualified retail outlets are subject to the current scheme. They are including supermarkets, convenience stores, and personal health and beauty stores. The number of registered retailers shows that the scope of the levy scheme is limited while 96% of retail outlets are still not subject to the scheme. In addition, it is conducted that 3 million of levy is collected in the first season after implementation of the plastic bag levy. However, a clear proposal is usually absent to tell how the revenue raised from the scheme is spent. According to EPD (May 2007), the definition of plastic shopping bags under the levy is that bags that are made wholly or predominantly of plastic with carrying handles, holes or strings. It turns out with the increasing use of alternative bags or wrapped packages, e.g. laminated plastic bags, non-woven bags and fruit bags. For example, supermarket chains were circumventing the levy and many retail outlets are starting to sell prepackaged products. Proposed policies Broaden the scope of the levy scheme (1)Extend the scale of the levy to all retail outlets (2)Embrace all types of plastic bags into charge Policy option (1) Extend the scale of the levy to all retail outlets 4.2.1a) Implementation The current policy apparently shows that the scope of the implement scheme is limited to achieve a more comprehensive goal. With respect to the limitation, the levy scheme should be implemented extensively in all kind of retail outlets in Hong Kong. The remaining 96% of retail outlets, including small-scale, individual neighborhood retail stores and local wet markets should be all covered in terms of the extension of the levy scheme. 4.2.1b) Effects and advantages The extension of the implement scale of retail outlets would further reduce indiscriminate use of plastic bags and arouse peoples attention to serious environmental problem. Ireland is a successful case among all countries implementations while all kinds of retail outlets are subject to the levy which a 15 Euro cent tax is paid for a plastic shopping bag. Nevertheless, Ireland achieved a dramatic reduction 94% of plastic bag usage is reduced with the effect of the levy scheme. (Frank, Simon Susana, 2007) 4.2.1c) Concerns and disadvantages Under the extension of implementation, we concern that some small retailers could not afford a computerized or new cashier system to handle the levy (most of the retailers in wet markets). Therefore, it is difficult for them to collect cash manually before submitting the levy to EPD. Apart from that, oppositions from different sectors would be raised, especially for those retailers which plastic bags are necessary used. For example, butchers in Ireland strongly opposed to the levy because of its hygiene reason. (Frank, Simon Susana, 2007) Therefore, the government should determine whether the exemption is needed for several kinds of retailers with corresponding measures. Policy option (2) Embrace all types of plastic bags into charge 4.2.2a) Implementation We suggested that all types of plastic bags should be embraced into charge. It means that all kinds of bags which are made of wholly or predominantly of plastic, including laminated plastic bags, non-woven bags and fruit bags are all imposed to the scheme even they contain carrying handles, holes or strings. In addition, the levy collected is suggested to go directly to an environmental fund for the expenditure of environmental disposal projects and educational purposes. 4.2.2b) Effects and advantages The scheme fills in the loopholes of the existing policy in terms of the revised definition of plastic bags. All kinds of plastic bags, including wrapped, packing product bags and fruit bags are all applied to the scheme. In Ireland, all kinds of plastic bags are embraced into charge with 15 Euro cents. It achieved with a dramatic reduction (94%) of plastic bag usage. From the successful case of Ireland, we anticipate that the embracement of all kinds of plastic bags into the scheme would effectively reduce the use of plastic bags by consumers and make a link between price value and good environmental behavior among the public. In addition, the levy which goes directly to an environmental fund avoids absence of reporting how the revenue is spent by the General Revenue and gives support to environmental disposal projects. For example, the revenues from the scheme in Ireland are ring fenced in an Environmental Fund which is controlled by the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and L ocal Government for administration cost and capitals of environmental program promotion. (Frank, Simon Susana, 2007) 4.2.2c) Concerns and disadvantages We concern that there would be a rise of alternative use of paper shopping bags under the implementation of the proposed policy. As all kinds of plastic bags are subject to the levy, paper bag is the shifting target for both retailers and consumers. We are worrying that a single paper bag produces 2.7 times as much solid waste as the equivalent plastic bag. (GHK Hong Kong Ltd, 2007) According to the Hong Kong Plastic Bags Manufacturers Association executive vice chairman Ricky Wong Wai-ki, the materials and energy used for producing nonwoven recycled shopping bags is more environmental-unfriendly. (GHK Hong Kong Ltd, 2007) Therefore, the government is responsible for further action on tackling the problem of alternative use of paper bags. Recommendation Indiscriminate use of plastic bag is one of the major visible environmental problems in Hong Kong. The introduction of the Environmental levy on plastic shopping bags is necessary to tackle this problem. However, the limited contribution achieved from the scheme urged for a proper modification and more effective extension. Our organization suggests to extending the scale of the levy scheme to all retail outlets while 96% of them are still not subject to the scheme. Therefore, the enlarged scale of the levy would be an effective way to further reduce indiscriminate use of plastic bags and arouse peoples attention to serious environmental problem. The feasibility of the proposed policy is high in long terms with comprehensive planning and certain corresponding measures (for example: promotions, educational activities and distribution of fabric reusable shopping bags) supported by the government. We are anticipating to accomplishing a good environmental behavior developed among the public with this strong publicity campaign. Implementation(s): Study and learn from foreign successful cases of implementing plastic bag levy (e.g. Ireland) Conduct a comprehensive review with evaluation after 1-year implementation of the levy scheme Consult public, retailers and industries opinions on the extension of the levy scheme Broaden the scope of the levy scheme in terms of scale of scheme and the types of plastic bags a) Extend the scale of the levy to all retail outlets b) Embrace all types of plastic bags into charge Organize educational talks to all primary and secondary schools to promote the reduction of indiscriminate use of plastic bags Giving out fabric reusable shopping bags to students and less privileged families every year in order to encourage consumers to change their behavior towards sustainable consumption Reinforce the existing environmental campaign with sufficient promotion Bring your own bag (BYOB) Conclusion Due to limited contributions achieved in the existing environmental levy on plastic shopping bags, an extension of the levy scheme is necessary to achieve a more comprehensive goal. Our organization suggests two policy options, including the extension of the scale to all retail outlets and embraces all kinds of plastic bags into charge. From the successful case learnt from Ireland, we ensure that the implementations of these similar policies are effective. Therefore, it is necessary for the Hong Kong government to extend the levy scheme in terms of scope in order to achieve a sustainable consumption of plastic bags.